分子生物学研究技能 | 关于植物激素研究那些事？（Cytokinins）（建议收藏）
结合大家感兴趣的科研问题，接着给大家介绍植物激素。本期明星是细胞分裂素（Cytokinins），也是最早研究的五种植物激素之一。结合相关资料一块学习下（敲黑板！！！）
细胞分裂素（Cytokinins）
相信大家都比较关注植物组织培养和遗传转化，Cytokinins在这两个过程中起到了至关重要的作用！！！是失败，是成功，重点在尝试Cytokinins种类和浓度的实验设计！！！
Phytohormones – old timers and newcomers （5+4）
Cytokinin and auxin regulate organogenesis in tissue culture
Agrobacterium tumefaciens transfers T-DNA to plant genomes
T-DNA includes genes for biosynthesis of auxin and cytokinin
Structure of major cytokinins
trans-zeatin synthesis
IPT overexpression causes reduced apical dominance, reduced root growth and delayed leaf senescence
CYP735A expression (and tZ production) is tightly regulated
LONELY GUY genes contribute to CK production in Arabidopsis
Cytokinin can be inactivated by conjugation or degradation
CKX overexpression enhances root growth and decreases shoot growth
CK signaling is mediated by histidine-kinase receptors
The crystal structure of AKH4 shows the basis of CK binding specificity
The Arabidopsis cytokinin response pathway
Arabidopsis has three CK receptors, AHK2, 3 and 4
Arabidopsis CK receptors have partially redundant activities in vivo
CK receptors have distinct roles in CK responses
感兴趣的朋友可以研究下，根据自己的研究目标性状，确定目的研究基因，得到预期的研究结果！！！
ARR1, a type-B ARR, is a positive regulator of CK signaling
Type-A ARRs are rapidly induced by cytokinins
Type-A ARRs are negative regulators of CK signaling
How do type-A ARRs interfere with CK signaling?
Cytokinins contribute to developmental patterning and meristem functions
CKs contribute to nutrient uptake and allocation
这也是大家比较感兴趣的！！！如何合理高效使用化学肥料！！！
Cytokinin signaling genes are down- regulated during senescence
这也是大家比较感兴趣的！！！衰老过程！！！
CKs are necessary and (sometimes) sufficient for root nodule development
豆科植物研究的热点！！！
Cytokinin action - summary
Ongoing investigations
参考文献：
1. Haberer, G. and Kieber, J.J. (2002) Cytokinins. New insights into a classic phytohormone. Plant Physiol. 128: 354-362.
2. Batrina, I., Otto, E., Strnad, M., Werner, T., and Schmülling, T. 2011. Cytokinin regulates the activity of reproductive meristems, flower organ size, ovule formation, and thus seed yield in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell 23: 69-80.
3. Hothorn, M., Dabi, T. and Chory, J. (2011) Structural basis for cytokinin recognition by Arabidopsis thaliana histidine kinase 4. Nat. Chem. Biol. 7: 766–768.
4. Riefler, M., Novak, O., Strnad, M., and Schmülling, T. (2006). Arabidopsis cytokinin receptor mutants reveal functions in shoot growth, leaf senescence, seed size, germination, root development, and cytokinin metabolism. Plant Cell 18: 40-54.
5. From Sakai, H., Honma, T., Aoyama, T., Sato, S., Kato, T., Tabata, S., and Oka, A. (2001). ARR1, a transcription factor for genes immediately responsive to cytokinins. Science 294: 1519-1521.
6. Reproduced with permission from El-Showk, S., Ruonala, R. and Helariutta, Y. (2013) Crossing paths: cytokinin signalling and crosstalk. Development 140: 1373–1383.
7. Wolters, H., and Jürgens, G. (2009). Survival of the flexible: Hormonal growth control and adaptation in plant development. Nat. Rev. Genet. 10: 305–317.
8. Breeze, E., et al. and Buchanan-Wollaston, V. (2011). High-resolution temporal profiling of transcripts during Arabidopsis leaf senescence reveals a distinct chronology of processes and regulation. Plant Cell. 23: 873-894.
9. Adapted from Kieffer, M., Neve, J., and Kepinski, S. (2010). Defining auxin response contexts in plant development. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 13: 12-20.
10. Introduction to Phytohormones, The Plant Cell, Volume 22, Issue 3, March 2010, Page 1, https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.110.tt0310.
![QQ咨询：958097137](javascript:Site.hoverQrCode("//30730591.s21i.faiusr.com/2/ABUIABACGAAgjqOpoQYoyJjjjQQwoQE4oQE.jpg",this,{"tips":"请使用微信扫一扫"});){kind=link}